Review:
* Covering all aspects of the Unix operating system and assuming no prior knowledge of Unix, this book begins with the fundamentals and works from the ground up to some of the more advanced programming techniques
* The authors provide a wealth of real-world experience with the Unix operating system, delivering actual examples while showing some of the common misconceptions and errors that new users make ? Special emphasis is placed on the Apple Mac OS X environment as well as Linux, Solaris, and migrating from Windows to Unix
* A unique conversion section of the book details specific advice and instructions for transitioning Mac OS X, Windows, and Linux users
works from the ground up, covering Apple OS X (which is Unix based) as well as the Linux and Solaris operating systems." (Publishing News, 25th March 2005)
Link: Download eBook now
password: books_for_all (3 downloads in total)
Beginning Unix
Head First HTML with CSS & XHTML
If youve ever had a family member who wanted you to design a website for them, buy them Head First HTML with CSS and XHTML. If youve ever asked a family member to design you a web site, buy this book. If youve ever bought an HTML book and ended up using it to level your desk, or for kindling on a cold winter day, buy this book. This is the book youve been waiting for. This is the learning system youve been waiting for
eBook Info:
Published in 2005
Published by O'Reilly
Author Elisabeth Freeman
ISBN 059610197X Size 0.80MB
Get now: Head First HTML with CSS & XHTML
Windows Administration at the Command Line
for Windows Vista, Windows 2003, Windows XP, and Windows 2000
Updated to include Windows Vista, this book describes the complete set of command-line utilities that comes with Windows and explains how a user can ascertain system status, locate files and other resources, secure and monitor a system, and use scripts to automate tasks.
Ready-to-use scripts that readers can download and plug into their Windows systems to increase productivity.
“Real World Scenario” sidebars featured throughout the book anchor the text in practical applications, plus ready-to-use scripts (available for download from sybex.com) automate administrative tasks.
As part of In the Field Results, a series devoted to intermediate and advanced instruction for network administrators, the book is organized by task so that readers can easily and quickly find solutions.
Download now:
Windows Administration at the Command Line
BSOD (Blue Screen)
A lot of BSOD`s are caused by faulty ram/underpowered psu`s/overheating/overclocking/dust and debris.
There are a few things you can do to solve your problem
First run a complete disk check.
Click start/run and type chkdsk /f /r and press the enter key.
Follow the onscreen prompts and reboot your computer.
Windows will check your hard drive for problems.
Depending on the size of your hard drive, this can take quite some time.
another thing you can try is First, turn off your computer and unplug it from
the main power and disconnect all cables then push the power button to fully drain the power
then open it up.
Clean out all dust, dirt all that stuff, especially from the heatsinks and fans.
A can of compressed air is very useful for this part.
Next, take out your ram sticks and gently clean the gold contacts with an eraser.
Blow away the remains on ram, also blow out any dust that may be in the ram slots.
Reinsert the ram. Restart your system and see if it becomes more stable.
You might also want to try placing the ram in a different dim slot.
Check your system for overheating. The free Everest program is useful for this.
Check that your psu is putting out enough power for your system. Especially,
check that there are enough amps on the 12volt rail.
An underpowered psu can cause all kinds of random crashes.
Check that your pagefile is ok.
Do the following.
To do so do as followed right click my computer, and select properties,
and then the advanced tab under performance, click settings.
Click on the advanced tab, and then on the change button click on the custom size button,
and click the initial size box and make the size of the page file 0.
Click in the maximum size box, and make the size of the page file 0 now click set.
Now all you have to do is reboot your machine. After your system has restarted run a defrag.
Once the defrag has finished, go back to the pagefile settings above,
and click on the change button. For the initial, and maximum pagefile size make it 1.5 times
the amount of ram your have.
Ex.if you have 512mb of ram set the page file to 768mb.
Once done click on the set button, and reboot your system.
You now have a brand new page file.
Computer Hangs Up (freezes)
You may found miserable situation when come across with the problem of computer hangs up
just before when you are going to save work.
So only one solution behind is to restart the PC and results in loss of efforts and time.
This happened when you use computer application like MS Word, Internet Explorer,
Media Player and many others they just freeze out all the processing
and every next click on the screen seems doing nothing.
CPU processing limit shows 100 % and along with system you also stuck what to do.
You have to take certain steps in order not to take your system to any computer troubleshooting company.
First step:
Most of the computers have built in temperature test system.
Run that program if it exceeds its tolerated limit just shut it down and restart it after some time.
In order to keep its temperature moderate what you have to do is to keep its cooling system stable and accurate.
Check out if PC fan is working properly and place the computer in the airy compound.
As computer is stuffed with electrostatic charges during its power on,
it gulp most of dust particles which put a great impact on the functionality of the computer applications.
Second step:
Check out the storage capacity of your computer like RAM storage.
If it’s very low then application may take time to process which turns computer in halted state.
Third step:
If you are playing a movie or video song in windows media player using CD and DVD
and it stops showing the next action just in the middle of the movie.
Reason behind is that movie is loaded with rich graphics taking time to read and display.
And it can also be that CD and DVD may have scratches on it and require extra processing
powers by computers which will hang it up.
If you check all the above problems and find that temperature is exceeding by some other
reason as fan is working properly and in another scenario fan of computer may stop working
due to a lot of dust particles stuck to it. Contact vendor immediately and repair the fault.
Unable to Open MS Office File
While working on MS Office, there may be situations when you click and try to
open up an office file,
it does not open. After this you try the “Open With” option to open the required
file and the file gets
opened in other program rather than its respective program. For instance, an MS
Word file might
not open in MS Word and works effectively with any other program.
This situation generally occurs when the file association or file type extension
is incorrect.
To correct the problem, one must ensure to check and correct the file
associations by “repairing the Office or Office program”, or by using the
“regserver” command.
Option 1:
Repair the Office or Office Program:
While repairing the Office program, the correct file association will be
performed with the respective
office program, to repair the Office program follow these steps:
1.First of all, close all the running Office programs and turn off any running
anti-virus program.
2.Click the Start button and select the Run option.
3.In the Run window, type the following command: appwiz.cpl. This would open the
Add or Remove Programs window.
4.Click the installed office program like, Microsoft Office Professional Edition
2003 or Microsoft Office 2000 Professional etc.
5.Now click the Change/Remove option. The Microsoft Office 2003 Setup window
will be displayed.
6.In the Setup window, select the Reinstall or Repair option. The program will
now check for the installed files
and will replace or install any files from the earlier version of Office which
were of wrong size, damaged,
corrupt or missing.
7.After repairing of the Office program, turn on the anti-virus program on your
computer system.
The repairing of Office would make the program free from errors or any type of
corruptions thus making
the files accessible.
Option 2:
Use of “regserver” command to re-register the Office program
The regserver command is used re-register the Office program itself. This
command is useful when you want to
rewrite all the program registry keys and re-associate the programs with
suitable program files.
To perform this modification, follow these steps:
1.Close the program which has to be re-registered
2.Click the Start button and select the Run option.
3.In the Run window, type program.exe/unregserver in the box.
4.Again click Start and select the Run option and type program.exe/regserver in
the box.
Note: This does not works for MS Outlook
These steps would re-register the Office program and the office files would open
with their respective programs.
This article aims to provide you with solutions when you are unable to open a
file or access its data
because of unknown reasons. If in certain circumstances your MS Office file(s)
gets corrupt or damaged
you can recover your inaccessible data with the help of file repair software.
The file repair software repairs
the damaged file and makes it easy for you to access your data.
You can try the Kernel file repair range for word recovery, power point
recovery, excel recovery, access recovery,
and publisher recovery from the corrupt and damaged files. The file recovery
software demo version is available
for FREE download for the performance evaluation after which you can purchase
FULL version of the file data
recovery software.
Files Permition on Linux
When you try to run a file it may refuse to work with an error like "Permission denied" and when you try to
view another file it may also say that you don't have permission to view it. These all come down to file
permissions, a basic feature of Unix.
There are 3 types of permissions: read, write and execute. When you list files it will say which permission the
files have:
ls -l file.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root users 1656 Mar 22 00:27 file.dat
The first part of that line is the permissions. They are, in order, the user permissions, the group permissions
and others permissions, where r means read, w means write and x means execute. For this file, the user, root,
has read and write permission (rw-), the group, users, can only read the file (r--) and everyone else can also
only read the file (r--).
Other letters may appear. The first letter is - for a normal file, d for a directory and c or b for a device. In
place of x you may see a letter s. This means that when you start a program, it will run as its owner.
John Lennon - LEGEND (limited edition)
Had his music on tape (going back some years}. Reminds me of growing up, my father introduced me to him.The only Beatle worth his salt post-Beatles days (my opinion). You will not be sorry, get it!
Microsoft.Windows.Vista.Ultimate.X64.OEM
Vista Ultimate OEM DVD
Protection .......: N/A
Release Date ...: 27.05.2007
Packer.............: NoPE
Release Type....: OS
Operating Sys...: Win
Download Now:
Vista Ultimate OEM DVD
Password: www.rapid-share.info
No key - no activation needed.
Vista Transformation pack 7.0
Vista Transformation pack 7.0
This program will transform your Windows user interface to ultimate Windows Vista alike looks that everyone will never notice it’s the same old Windows XP (or 2003).
This is the most tired release I've ever been through. I wonder if user who get this will appreciate how hard I really went through for this. It seems Lee is being too messy right now so I won't hold back any longer.
This release has overall improvements for features compared to previous versions and has a lot of user interface refinements for ease of use with end-user. You will find this program is amazingly easier comparing to all other shell packs. Let's see the changelog of this release.
Features
Vista Transformation Pack will replace many of the resources in Windows XP/Windows Server 2003. It can change such things as:
Boot screen
Welcome Screen / Logon Screen
New msstyles files (visual styles)
New desktop and file icons
New toolbar icons
Progress Dialogs
Sounds scheme
System Tray icons
New Wallpapers
Windows Media Player Skins
And much more
Changes in Version 7.0
-Added default system font option for recovery
-Added Docking support for preview and taskbar replacement
-Added DPI auto-detection in Machine Configuration
-Added hiding menubar option for Vista (Styler) toolbar
-Added information about KB925902 hotfix issues and solution on startup
-Added memory requirements checking for 3rd-party applications
-Added resetting DPI options and some extra information in Machine Configuration
-Added screen resolution auto-detection
-Added setting cleartype font automatically after the transformation
-Added Vista transformation “Express mode” (Make an appropriate setup configuration in single page!)
-Added ViStart (Vista Start Menu port for Windows XP/2003 with glass UI and search function)
-Added uninstalling existing components before updating
-Added WindowBlinds detection warning message (for user who is mistaken about glass border skin)
-Added Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 2 uxtheme patching support
-Fixed backing up system files bug on repair mode
-Fixed checking for Styler incompatibility with x64 edition OS
-Fixed fileversion checking bug that cause backup system files being overwritten by modified system files when update
-Fixed operating system checking bug (that allow user to install in Windows 2000 and below)
-Fixed Start Orb positioning bug
-Fixed Styler to execute Styler.exe only when user wants to hide menu bar to save up memory and some weird issues
-Fixed Styler to run in toolbar mode (prevent error and message popup)
-Fixed Vista (Styler) toolbar option with correction of menubar
-Fixed uninstalling bug with system drive icon
-Fixed uninstalling routines
-Fixed uxtheme.dll patching detection bugs on machine without any service pack
-Fixed Windows Live Messenger skin uninstallation bug
-Moved extra dialogs in the main dialogs process so user can make all decisions before transforming
-Removed customized open/save dialog due to bugs in some applications
-Replaced closeapp with pskill (some programs reported closeapp as virus though it isn’t)
-Replaced Blaero’s Start Orb with ViOrb (Auto positioning and snap over the start button upon taskbar shifting)
-Updated battery tray icons
-Updated Start Orb to full circle version
-Updated Getting Started and Help and Support FAQ
-Updated transformation to use backup system file if it has the same fileversion during update
-Updated LClock x86 to version 1.62b
-Updated Maintenance Center to be Welcome Center
-Updated minor UI graphic resources in themes
-Updated Segoe UI font
-Updated Shutdown/Logoff dialogs
-Updated Thoosje’s Vista sidebar to version 2.0
-Updated updating function to uninstall previous components before updating
-Updated Vista logon screen (Thanks to SoFtEcH for updating my logon)
-Added status message (Welcome, Shutdown, etc.)
-Fixed user account disapperance bug on lower resolution
-Fixed user account moving around when focused
-Moved shutdown button to right part
-Updated password panel resources
-Updated userpicture’s frame border
-Updated Visualtooltip to version 2.1
Download now:
Vista Transformation pack 7.0
Adobe Photoshop CS3 Portable
Adobe Photoshop CS3
To a certain extent, it doesn't matter how good the new version of Photoshop CS is, such is this software's stranglehold on the graphic design and photography markets. Adobe would have to release an absolute dog of an upgrade for Photoshop to seriously lose market share.
While plucky rivals continue to try and outpace Photoshop's dominance, it must feel like running up an increasingly steep hill. Every new version adds more features and tools, and Photoshop has never deviated far from its well-liked roots.
This could, of course, have turned into something of a convoluted mess. Pasting new feature upon new feature on top of existing programs has proven to be a recipe for disaster before. Fortunately, Photoshop CS3 comes with a heap of genuinely useful add-ons and improvements, while simultaneously making this rather over-engineered program more streamlined - and in some cases, easier to use.
Get now: Adobe Photoshop CS3
windows media player 11
Windows Media Player 11 for Windows XP offers great new ways to store and enjoy all your music, video, pictures, and recorded TV. Play it, view it, and sync it to a portable device for enjoying on the go or even share with devices around your home—all from one place.
Download now:
windows media player 11
Microsoft.Office.2007.Enterprise-WiNK
Office Enterprise 2007 is the most complete Microsoft solution for people who must collaborate with others and work with information efficiently, regardless of location or network status. Office Enterprise 2007 builds on the strengths of Office Professional Plus 2007 and provides two additional tools: Microsoft Office Groove 2007 and Microsoft Office OneNote 2007. With these tools, users can collaborate and efficiently gather, store, organize, find, and share any type of information. Office Groove 2007 provides a rich and more secure collaboration environment for teams to work together, regardless of location, with minimal IT support. Office OneNote 2007 provides complete information management capabilities for virtually any type of content, so teams can deliver better results faster.
Get now:
Microsoft.Office.2007
Disturbed - Believe (Tour Edition)
Track Listings:
1. Prayer
2. Liberate
3. Awaken
4. Believe
5. Remember
6. Intoxication
7. Rise
8. Mistress
9. Breathe
10. Bound
David Draiman, vocalist with Disturbed, spends much of Believe urging his listeners to think for themselves--just as he did on the band's multi-million-selling debut The Sickness. But in many other respects, Disturbed have changed quite drastically. Where The Sickness was bloody-mindedly aggressive, with dramatic keyboards soaring over relentless metal riffs as Draiman grunted in tongues, Believe takes a far more traditional approach. Though the likes of "Bound", "Rise" will please the mosh-pit faithful, Draiman just as often comes over as a power-balladeer, revealing a particularly soft side with "Remember", and "Mistress".
If Hard to Erase Files
File names in Linux can have many letters and numbers in them. Usualy, names should not have spaces in
them, although Linux can deal with them. There are some characters that should not be used in files, like "/"
and "~".
Some programs unfortunately will create strange looking file names, often as temporary files. Using the rm
command, you should be able to remove them, but it may be hard when strange alphanumeric characters are
used. Here are a few ways you should try to get rid of a file with a strange name:
• First you should try the following:
rm -f "file name"
• If this doesn't work you should try the console program mc.
• With graphical file managers, you should be able to pick an icon and remove it, regardless of
the file name.
Retuning the Missing Folder Caused by .scr Virus on Windows XP
Do you ever missing your folder after you do the virus scanning?
Its can be that your computer is contaminated with .scr virus.
The way of work this virus is very simple, They change every folders in computer or flashdisk become application file and when we open it its write 32kb on the capacity (it’s meants that they doubling the capacity).
When we try to cleanup using the Antivirus, the virus can be cleanup but the effect from the scanning is all the folders that contaminate with virus is missing.
But actualy all of that folder was not disappears it’s just hide only. And all the missing folders can be returning by using attrib command on command prompt.
It’s seem so simple but believe me it is. Before we discussed how to returning back the missing folders we will discuse about this attribute.
For view the attribute properties it’s can be doing on two ways:
1. Throught Windows Prompt
2. By Command Prompt.
Command attribute working on DOS command prompt, that have some fungtion. One of the fungtion is for setting the attribute from some file, is it will be named :
- read-only file attribute
- Archive file attribute
- System File Attibut
- Hidden File Attribut
For retuning back the missing folders we can use the 2nd way. There is by using Command Prompt.
Here is the steps for retuning back the missing folders:
1. Click start
2. choose run
3. then write cmd
4. will show the Command Prompt windows
5. write attrib /? on the Command Prompt for knowing some command on the attribute properties.
6. then right on that Prompt will show some word that explain about the attribute such:
- character (+) ? for set an attribute
- character (-) ? for Clears an attribute
- letter R ? for read-only file attribute
- letter A ? for Archive file attribute
- letter S ? for System file attribute
- letter H ? for Hidden file attribute
- /S ? for matching files in the current folder and all subfolders
- /D ? for Processes folders as well.
7. For returning the missing folders write a command on the command prompt
Attrib –s –h *-* /S /D
(write that command on the drive that contain the missing folders)
8. Next refresh the computer or all computer Drives. Than all the missing folders will showing again.
So from now we do not need to worry with missing folder because of .scr virus.
Well that’s all. Hope this can be usefull.
MS-DOS Prompt
Better Dir Command
Do you know that DIR command can be adjusted? Try to type the following command into MS-DOS prompt, and then press Enter:
Set dircmd=/o:parameters /a
Change the parameters with one of these parameters:
N ? sort by file name
E ? sort by file extension
D ? sort by file date
S ? sort by file size
A ? sort by last accessed date
G ? list the folder first
Then try to type DIR command as usual.
For example, to list the folder first and then sort all by its name, use this command:
Set dircmd=/o:GND /a
To reverse the sort order (from Z to A), use a minus sign before the parameter, like this:
Set dircmd=/o:-N /a
Another example:
Set dircmd=/p
Now every time you execute the DIR command, the report list will be displayed page by page with the Enter pressing.
If you don't want to type the set dircmd command for every MS-DOS session, then insert that line command in the C:\Autoexec.bat file.
Change the DOS Prompt Symbol
You can change the DOS prompt symbol from C:> to other symbols by typing this commands:
PROMPT [text]
text could be a normal character or these special characters:
$Q = symbol
$$ $ Symbol
$T Current time
$D Current date
$P Current drive and path
$V Windows version number
$N Current drive
$G > symbol
$L < symbol
$B | symbol
$H Backspace
$E Escape
$_ Empty
Type the commands ( for example prompt $D$_$P$B ) in the Batch file column at the Program tab of the MS-DOS Prompt Properties dialog box.
Change Your Files Date
If you look at several files that produced by various software companies, you can see that all files have a similar time and date properties. You can do the same to your files, just follow these steps:
Double-click on the clock at Windows 9X/Me Taskbar, and then adjust it to a new time and date. For example January 1, 2000, 00:00. Click OK. Open the MS DOS prompt window, and then go to the folder that you want to change its date and time. Type a copy command by using this format: COPY /B filename+,,
For example if your file name is document.txt, then you must type
COPY /B document.txt+,,
Type Y at the confirmation box. Now you can check your files date and time by using the DIR command.
Checking the Partitioning Status
Microsoft MS-DOS FDISK has a parameter that causes it to display the partition status automatically. To check the partitioning status, type the following at the MS DOS prompt:
C:\>fdisk /status
This command provides information similar to that found by selecting option 4, Display Partition Information, from the FDISK Options menu.
Command.com Hidden Parameters
COMMAND /D
Used on the Config.sys SHELL= line, or at the MS-DOS prompt, to prevent the execution of the Autoexec.bat file when booting. Example: SHELL=C:\COMMAND.COM C:\ /E:512 /D /P
COMMAND /Z
Used to display the "ERRORLEVEL" return code messages after executing each external DOS command. This switch can be used on the Config.sys file SHELL= line. Example: SHELL=C:\COMMAND.COM C:\ /E:512 /P /Z
Creating a Macro using Doskey
You can find Doskey feature in the MS-DOS prompt. This feature can create a macro that makes it possible to redefine the other MS-DOS commands. For example, if you want to redefine the Mem command so it can stop the screen after one page, add these following commands into the Autoexec.bat file:
c:\Windows\Command\Doskey
Doskey mem=mem.exe $* /p
The $* characters means include any parameter after the Mem command.
If you often open a folder named Database, it is unnecessary always to type "cd database" in the command prompt. As a replacement, add these following commands into the Autoexec.bat file:
c:\Windows\Command\Doskey
doskey d=cd database
From now on, to enter the database folders, all you must do is type "d" (without quotation mark) in the command prompt, and then press Enter.
DIR Hidden Parameters
The DIR command has a useful hidden parameter. If you type DIR/Z, the file name list will appears on the screen and hide their long file name. If you type DIR /B you will only see the long file name. Meanwhile, if you type DIR /Z/B you will only see the short file name.
Extra DOS Menus
Anytime you open an MS-DOS window under Windows, a DOS icon appears in the upper-left corner of the window. Click the icon, and a menu of commands appears. Did you know that all these commands are accessible from the Taskbar as well? Right-click the MS-DOS item there, and the same menu appears.
FDisk Hidden Parameters
FDISK /FPRMT
Enables the use of FAT32 file system on hard drives smaller than 512 MB. Normally not allowed by default.
FDISK x /PRI:ps /EXT:es /LOG:ls
x = drive number (1, 2, 3... etc.). Drive #1 corresponds to the 1st hard disk installed on your machine (C, D, E... etc.)
/PRI:ps ? creates a primary partition of size... (in megabytes).
/EXT:es ? creates an extended partition of size... (in megabytes).
/LOG:ls ? creates a logical drive in the extended partition of size... (in megabytes).
FDISK /MBR
Repairs a damaged boot sector by overwriting it with a fresh copy (writes a new Master Boot Record to the hard disk without altering the partition table information).
Format.com Hidden Parameters
FORMAT drive: /AUTOTEST
Checks the existing format of your disk, and then proceeds with an unattended disk format. It does not prompt for a volume label, it does not prompt to format another disk, no delay, no user intervention, ends without pausing, and displays disk space statistics after completion.
FORMAT drive: /BACKUP
This parameter works exactly like /AUTOTEST, but it does prompt the user for a volume label, and it does display disk space information upon completion.
FORMAT drive: /SELECT
This parameter is similar to using the MIRROR command (MS-DOS 5.0 and earlier only).
FORMAT drive: /U
This parameter performs an unconditional format, which destroys every byte of data on a disk by overwriting it with hex F6h. You cannot unformat a disk formatted using the /U option.
FORMAT drive: /SELECT /U
This particular combination of format.com parameters makes a disk. Do not use these two format switches together on any drive!
FORMAT drive: /Z:n
Formats a FAT32 drive with a cluster size of n times 512 bytes. Meaning:
drive: = your hard drive letter (C:, D:, E:... etc).
n = number of sectors per cluster multiplied by 512 (cluster size in bytes).
Examples:
n ? 1 creates a 512 bytes cluster;
n ? 2 creates a 1024 bytes (1 KB) cluster;
n ? ? creates a ? x 512 = ???? bytes (???? bytes : 1024 = ? KB) cluster.
You can modify the size of the allocation units (sectors) on a FAT32 drive to your heart's desire.
Loading the Mouse Driver
When you restart Windows 98/95 to MS DOS mode (by clicking the Start-Shut Down-Restart the computer in MS-DOS mode? menus), then your mouse cannot be used anymore. To solve this problem, usually you have to load the mouse driver using Autoexec.bat file. Unfortunately, this method wastes your memory when you are using Windows 98/95, since the mouse driver is no longer needed in the Windows mode.
Actually, an alternative is to write the load commands into the DOSSTART.BAT file. You'll find this file in the C:\Windows file. Alternatively, you can create it by yourself using Notepad.
Mem.exe Hidden Parameters
MEM /A
Displays a short summary screen of your memory configuration and the status of the HMA. HMA (High Memory Area) is a little known 64 KB area just above the first megabyte (1 MB = 1,024 KB = 1,048,576 Bytes) of RAM mapped by MS-DOS HIMEM.SYS memory manager (or another 3rd party high/extended/expanded memory manager, like Quarterdeck QEMM386, Helix NetRoom RM386, IBM 386MAX, etc). Parts of DOS module itself and of MS-DOS BUFFERS usually load into the HMA. Example of MEM /A output display (only the HMA info is shown here):
"Available space in High Memory Area 1K (944 bytes) MS-DOS is resident in the high memory area."
To display all available memory configurations at a DOS prompt, run:
MEM /A /C /P
Alternatively, if you prefer technical details (conventional/upper memory regions map and exact hex addresses where all loaded devices/drivers/TSRs reside), run:
MEM /D /P
NOTICE: High DOS is enabled by this CONFIG.SYS line (the "HIGH" switch): DOS=HIGH,UMB
More Benefit From the Set Command
Add the set copycmd=/y command in the C:\Autoexec.bat file. From now on, every time you execute the copy, move, or xcopy commands, the file with a same name will be overwritten without any warning. To go back to the default condition, you can type set copycmd=/-y command.
Add the set dircmd=/w /-e command in the C:\Autoexec.bat file. From now on, every time you execute the Dir command, the file name list will be sorted from Z to A, and appeared in the wide style. If you want, you can change /w and /-e parameters with other dir parameters. Type dir/? to read a full listing of the Dir command.
More Efficient with Subst
The SUBST.EXE command makes it possible to treat a directory as a drive. Therefore, a long directory name can be shorten to just a drive letter (C:, D:, E:, etc). For example, type this command at MS DOS prompt:
subst e: c:\data\2000\april\report
From now on, every time you want to open that folder, you only have to type cd e: . To find out all subst parameters type subst /? at the MS DOS command prompt.
Open a Folder Window from the Prompt
To see/open the active folder windows in the MS-DOS prompt, just type START . (start space dot). To open the main folder just type START .. (start space two-dots)
You can also type the full path of the folder, like this:
Start "C:\Windows\Start Menu"
The quotes only needed if there are folder or file names that separated by a space.
Pipe (|) Character
Type dir /s | more in the command prompt, and then press Enter to show all folders one screen at a time. Alternatively, type dir /s /o | more to sort all folders in alphabetical order.
If you want to see contents of a document one screen at a time, type this command:
type document.txt | more.
If you want to switch to the Programs folder and then run application.exe, use this command:
cd program | application.
Quick Changing Folder
Open the MS-DOS prompt window by clicking the Start button, Programs, and MS-DOS Prompt. Open Windows Explorer, go to the folder that you want, and then type cd in the DOS prompt window. Press the spacebar to insert a space. Click and drag the icon of selected folder, from Explorer screen to the DOS prompt window. The name of the folder will be showed in the DOS prompt window. Press Enter to go to that folder.
Renaming the Long File Name
How to rename a long file name from MS DOS mode? As you know, MS-DOS prompt only can show 8-characters file names.
You have a long file name document, for example March - Monthly Expenses Report.doc. And then you want to change its name to April - Monthly Expenses Report.doc. In the MS-DOS prompt type:
ren "March*.doc" "April*.doc "
Meanwhile, if you want to change March - Monthly Expenses Report.doc to March - Monthly Sales Report.doc, in the MS DOS prompt type:
ren "*Expenses.doc" " *Sales.doc"
Restoring Deleted Files
Don't panic if your very important document accidentally deleted and removed from the Recycle Bin. If you upgrade your system from MS-DOS and still have a DOS utility named undelete.exe, follow these steps to save your documents:
Click the Start button, Shut Down, select "Restart the computer in MS-DOS mode," and then click Yes. Reboot to the DOS mode, go to the folder that contains the deleted documents. Type lock c: and then press Enter. Type Y and then press Enter at the confirmation.
Type undelete, then press Enter. Follow the prompt to get your document back. After returns to the DOS prompt, type unlock c: to avoid direct access to the disk. Finally, type exit to returns to Windows.
Restoring the DOS Icon
Are you accidentally deleting the MS-DOS prompt icon? It is very simple to solve this problem. Right click at the Start button, and then choose Open or Explore. Open the Programs folder, right click at the empty space, and then select New-Shortcut. Type command.com at the Command line column, click Next, and then Finish. By using the same method, you can create a shortcut to MS-DOS prompt at desktop.
Separating Long File Names
How to separate several files with long file names from a folder that has short file names? Use 9 questions marks followed by *.* would move ONLY the file names that had more than 8 characters, leaving behind only the files that were named with the 8.3 short file names. Here is the command:
Move C:\Source\?????????*.* C:\destination
Shortcut for DOS Commands
Want to access DOS command quickly? Just follow these steps:
1. Click on Start - Run, type sysedit and then click OK to open System Editor window.
2. Add this line to Config.sys file:
Device=c:\windows\command\ansi.sys
3. Save the changes and then close System Editor window. Reboot your Windows 9X/Me.
4. Run Notepad, and then type this two lines text:
Prompt $e[%1;%2;"%3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9";13p
Prompt $n$g
5. Save that file as Command1.bat
6. For example, you want to use Shift+F1 to execute DIR C: command. Look at the table below that the code for Shift+F1 is 0 84. Open MS-DOS window, and type this on MS-DOS prompt:
Command1 0 84 DIR C:
7. Press Enter to execute that command.
Starting from now on, you can press Shift+F1 to execute DIR C: as long as you don't shutdown the computer.
Here are ASCII code number for function buttons
Shift Ctrl Alt
F1 0 84 0 94 0 104
F2 0 85 0 95 0 105
F3 0 86 0 96 0 106
F4 0 87 0 97 0 107
F5 0 88 0 9X/Me 0 108
F6 0 89 0 99 0 109
F7 0 90 0 100 0 110
F8 0 91 0 101 0 111
F9 0 92 0 102 0 112
F10 0 93 0 103 0 113
F11 0 135 0 137 0 139
F12 0 136 0 138 0 140
Repeat steps 4 - 7 to make similar batch files, and name it Command2.bat, Command3.bat, etc. Associate it with different DOS commands. If you want the commands always available after computer rebooting, just call those batch files from C:\Autoexec.bat file (use System Editor to do it).
Useful Copy Commands
You can use the copy command to print several text files at a time. To do so, open the MS-DOS prompt, go to your documents folder and then type copy *.txt lpt1 (if your printer connected with lpt1).
To check a document from any disk errors, type copy document.txt nul and press Enter.
Useful Keys at DOS Mode
You can use several keys on the MS-DOS Prompt. These keys will help you to get faster editing process.
(Key : Function)
F1 or Right arrow : Call the last commands, letter by letter.
F2+letter : Call the last commands, until the last typed letter.
F3 : Call all of the last commands.
F4+ letter : Reverse the F2 keys job, delete all letters after the last typed letter.
F6 : Get the Ctrl+Z character that used to finish a batch file.
Backspace or Ctrl+H or Left arrow : Step back, also delete the previous letter.
Ctrl+C : Cancel commands.
Ctrl+P : Sending output from command to printer.
Example:
Previously you have typed dir windows /p command, and then press Enter. Now you can press F2 and N, and automatically you will get dir wi
Ver Hidden Parameters
VER /R
VER is an internal (built-in) MS-DOS command (an actual file does not exist). VER /R displays extended DOS info: the DOS revision and the memory location of the DOS module, in addition to using the plain VER command.
With Start and Without Start
When you load an application with the Start facility, it will be opened in a new MS-DOS prompt window. Here is the illustration with Xcopy command:
Open MS-DOS window and move to C:\ folder. Type md c:\test and then press Enter to make the new folder. Now type xcopy c:\data c:\tes and press Enter. Xcopy will copy the data from C:\Data to C:\Test.
Now use the Start command. Type Start xcopy c:\data c:\tes and press Enter. This time xcopy will be executed in a new MS-DOS window. You can use the first MS-DOS window for the next task.
Rename Multiple Files through DOS Prompt
To change, for example, all the .TXT files to names that end in .DOC, normally you have to right-click on them one at a time and type the new names. What a waste time since you can do that in a second. Simply double-click on the DOS icon, in MS DOS prompt use this command followed by Enter:
ren *.txt *.doc
Same DOS Directory All The Time
Always open a DOS window in the same directory? Now you can do that faster than ever. Right-click the MS-DOS icon and choose Properties. Click the Program tab. On the Working line, type the directory you want to use. Click OK.
Automate Opening a Specific Folder
If you frequently open a specific folder as a DOS directory, now you can automate the process by placing a shortcut in the Windows folder. To do so, create a new shortcut by right clicking on the Desktop. In the Command line field, type "command" (without the quotes) and in the name field, type OpenDirectory. Once the shortcut is created, right-click on it, select Properties, click on the Program tab, and type the path for the DOS directory you want to open in the Working field. For example, type \Windows\Favorites to open the Favorites folder. If you'd like to see a file listing whenever you run the shortcut, type dir /p in the Batch file field.
Determine Wasted Space without FAT 32
Want to know how much space you have wasted since you do not want to convert your old FAT 16 to FAT 32?.
Click Start, Programs, MS-DOS Prompt. At the DOS prompt, type cd\ and press Enter. Now type dir /a/s/v and press Enter. The difference between the value for Bytes and the value for Bytes Allocated is the amount of space not used by the files, but allocated to the clusters that store those flies. Subtract Bytes from Bytes Allocated to determine your wasted space.
Easily Hide the MS-DOS Window Toolbar
When you are working in an MS-DOS Prompt window, you can easily hide the MS-DOS toolbar. Simply press Alt + Spacebar, when the context menu appears, click on Toolbar. To display the toolbar, press Alt + Spacebar, and then click on Toolbar again.
Saving CHKDSK Result
Never heard about CHKDSK? It is a small utility in MS-DOS to check your disk integrity. You can easily save the CHKDSK results to a text file, by entering this command MS-DOS Prompt, followed by Enter:
chkdsk > result.txt
Using this method you won't see anything happening while CHKDSK works, since all the data is going into your new file. To view the file, type following command followed by Enter:
Notepad result.txt
If you prefer a more readable file name, you can add quotes. For example:
chkdsk > "result September p;2000.txt"
Checking Your Working Path
Unsuccessfully attempt to run a program from the Command Prompt? The program may not be in the path. In this case, all you have to do is type "set" (without the quotes) and press Enter. Windows will display all the environment variables. If the list is too long to fit in one screen, type set|more and press Enter. The More command will cause the display to pause at the end of each page of information. To continue to another page, press Space.
Keep The Read-Only Attributes
Have you noticed that if you use Xcopy to copy files from a CD-ROM to a hard disk or a floppy, the read-only attributes are stripped. To keep those attributes on the copied files, go to the Command Prompt and type xcopy (your folder) /k and press Enter. The read-only attribute will now be active on the copied files.
Printing a Folder List
If you want to print a list of all files in a folder, and also list the files in the sub-folders which belong to the folder, add the /S switch to the command line in the MS DOS prompt:
dir c:\abcfiles\*.* /s > c:\abcfiles.txt
which not only lists the files and sub-folders in \abcfiles, but also continues to list the files in all the sub-folders. You can then read it using NotePad or WorPad if the file size getting bigger.
Bonus tip:
If you have Microsoft Outlook installed on your system, then you can get a better list. From the Outlook Bar, click on My Computer. If there is no shortcut to My Computer, you can create it by right click an empty Space in the Outlook Bar, choose Outlook Bar Shortcut, Look in – File system, and click OK. Now expand the folder and subfolder, which you want to print. Click on File – Print menu, adjust your page, and then print the result.
Quickly Deleting a Floppy
Want to quickly deleting a floppy disk contents? Open Notepad and then type the following batch commands:
@echo off
attrib -h A:\*.*
deltree /y A:\*.* > NUL
echo BLANK|label A:
Name it Delete A.bat (or any name as long as the extension is bat) and save it on your desktop (C:\Windows\Desktop).
Now you can insert a floppy into A: drive and execute the batch files by double click on it. It is faster than formatting the floppy.
Note: The symbol between the "BLANK" and "label" in the last line is the pipe symbol, two short vertical lines you can find on your keyboards with the backslash key.
MS-DOS in Full Screen Mode
If you are using the MS-DOS dialog box in full-screen mode all of the time, then right click its shortcut on the Start Menu and choose Properties. Click the Screen tab. Under Usage, select Full Screen and click OK to save your settings. Now your MS-DOS dialog box will run full-screen automatically. To get back into you Windows, type exit in the command prompt and press Enter.
If you have any MS DOS applications or games, then you can apply the same method to open it in full screen mode. Just create a shortcut for the application in your desktop or Start menu, and then change its properties as described above.
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Prevent the Data from Virus Attacks
Virus attacks can lead to heavy expenditures on your pocket to recover your data
back. You can prevent such attacks of viruses, ad ware, spy ware, trojans with
some
simple preventive measures which will definitely help you to save your precious
data.
With the high tech professionals increasing day by day, chances of virus attacks
have also increased. Viruses come unannounced and uninvited, stay there as an
unwanted guest and cause harm to your precious data and files.
Sometimes in the cases of severe virus attacks, complete data from the hard disk
gets erased, hard drives get overwritten and even the physical drive media gets
corrupt.
25% of the data loss is caused by virus attacks excluding the human errors and
software malfunctions. Fortunately we have some preventive measures through
which data
loss situations caused by virus attacks can be avoided:
Good Anti-virus Software:
As your first defense, you should always install good anti-virus software to
safeguard data. At the time of installation, always ensure that the program
provides automatic
updates, so that whenever there is a virus attack, automatic updates can
counteract them. Make sure that the installed anti-virus program scans all the
incoming and
outgoing emails as this is the easiest passage for viruses to enter your
computer system.
Never Open Doubtful Attachments:
Email attachments which seem doubtful to you should be deleted immediately as
these may be the viruses which get activated by mere clicking on the attachment.
Be careful with the suspicious file extension types as these files are nothing
but virus files.
Regularly Install System Updates:
All the viruses are targeted towards the popular windows operating system. As
the system vulnerabilities are announced, the virus writers start creating virus
to takeover the weaknesses and attack those system owners who are not upgraded
with the available updates.
Always Perform Backups:
And the most important way to protect your data is regular backup process.
Always create backups of your important data on an external media. Backups
created on
regular basis help in situations when an anti-virus program may fail to protect
your important data.
Conclusion:
In the end when everything fails, the performed backup of your data will prove
beneficial to recover the damaged, corrupt data from virus attacks and other
corruption
mediums. The data recovery software also proves beneficial in the case of virus
attacks. There are number of data recovery software present in the market.
Choose the one
which is suitable for your type of data corruptions. Many data recovery
companies offer Free demo version of their data recovery software so that you
can test and evaluate
features of the software and then purchase Full version of the software.
Create Back Up 4 Your Computer
Backing up data of your computer is very important to avoid panics at the time of data loss.
Data backups, hard drive backups, email backups prove beneficial when you lose some important data.
You can create backup by following simple steps without any added backup software to your computer system.
1. Click Start
2. Select All Programs ? Accessories ? System Tools ? Backup
3. Backup and Restore Wizard window will be displayed.
4. Click Next. The following window will ask the operation you want to perform.
5. Select Back up files and settings option, if you want to create backups of your data or select Restore files and settings option, if you want to restore any backup.
6. Click Next.
7. What to Back up screen will be displayed. Here you can select what files you want to backup. The backup system allows you to backup:
• My documents and settings: Create backup of My documents folder, Favorites, Desktop items and cookies
• Everyone’s documents and settings: Create backup of every user’s My Documents folder, their favorites, Desktop items and cookies
• All information on this computer: Create backup of entire data of the computer system. It also creates a system recovery disk which proves helpful while restoring
Windows in the case of major failure.
• Let me choose what to backup: Create backup of your desired files and folders.
Select the appropriate option and click Next.
The next screen is displayed according to the selected option. We had selected Let me choose what to backup option in the previous screen. The window to select files
and folders form your computer system will be displayed.
8. Select the files and folders and click Next. The window to select saving destination of the files which are being backed up will be displayed.
9. Select any location to save backup of your files and click Next. The finishing window of the backup process will be displayed.
10. Click Finish to complete the backup process.
You can also specify advanced backup options by clicking the Advanced… button. You can choose the type of backup which you want to create: Normal, Copy,
Incremental, Differential and Daily.
11. Select the type of backup you want to create and click Next.
The wizard will now start creating backup of the files and folders. The Backup Progress window will appear with backup statistics.
Backup of the files and folders on your computer system or on network has been created and now your data is safe and saves you from facing data loss situations. If in
case the backed up data gets corrupt, damaged or becomes inaccessible, you can always trust the .bkf file repair software, which instantly recovers the backed up files
which you cannot open.
Set Your Windows XP Faster
A. DISABLE INDEXING SERVICES
Indexing Services is a small little program that uses large amounts of RAM and can often make a
computer endlessly loud and noisy. This system process indexes and updates lists of all the files
that are on your computer. It does this so that when you do a search for something on your
computer, it will search faster by scanning the index lists. If you don’t search your computer
often, or even if you do search often, this system service is completely unnecessary. To disable
do the following:
1. Go to Start
2. Click Settings
3. Click Control Panel
4. Double-click Add/Remove Programs
5. Click the Add/Remove Window Components
6. Uncheck the Indexing services
7. Click Next
B. OPTIMISE DISPLAY SETTINGS
Displaying all the visual items can waste system resources.
To optimise:
1.Go to Start
2. Click Settings
3. Click Control Panel
4. Click System
5. Click Advanced tab
6. In the Performance tab click Settings
7. Leave only the following ticked:
- Show shadows under menus
- Show shadows under mouse pointer
- Show translucent selection rectangle
- Use drop shadows for icons labels on the desktop
- Use visual styles on windows and buttons
C. SPEEDUP FOLDER BROWSING
You may have noticed that everytime you open my computer to browse folders that there is a
slight delay. This is because Windows XP automatically searches for network files and printers
everytime you open Windows Explorer. To fix this and to increase browsing significantly:
1. Open My Computer
2. Click on Tools menu
3. Click on Folder Options
4. Click on the View tab.
5. Uncheck the Automatically search for network folders and printers check box
6. Click Apply
7. Click Ok
8. Reboot your computer
D. OPTIMISE YOUR PAGEFILE
If you give your pagefile a fixed size it saves the operating system from needing to resize
the page file.
1. Right click on My Computer and select Properties
2. Select the Advanced tab
3. Under Performance choose the Settings button
4. Select the Advanced tab again and under Virtual Memory select Change
5. Highlight the drive containing your page file and make the initial Size of the file the same as
the Maximum Size of the file.
Windows XP sizes the page file to about 1.5X the amount of actual physical memory by default.
While this is good for systems with smaller amounts of memory (under 512MB) it is unlikely that
a typical XP desktop system will ever need 1.5 X 512MB or more of virtual memory. If you have less
than 512MB of memory, leave the page file at its default size. If you have 512MB or more, change
the ratio to 1:1 page file size to physical memory size.
E. SPEEDUP FOLDER ACCESS - DISABLE LAST ACCESS UPDATE
If you have a lot of folders and subdirectories on your computer, when you access a directory XP
wastes a lot of time updating the time stamp showing the last access time for that directory and for
ALL sub directories. To stop XP doing this you need to edit the registry. If you are uncomfortable
doing this then please do not attempt.
1. Go to Start and then Run and type “regedit”
2. Click through the file system until you get to
“HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ System\CurrentControlSet\Control\FileSystem”
3. Right-click in a blank area of the window on the right and select ‘DWORD Value’
4. Create a new DWORD Value called ‘NtfsDisableLastAccessUpdate’
5. Then Right click on the new value and select ‘Modify’
6. Change the Value Data to ‘1′
7. Click ‘OK’
F. MAKE YOUR MENUS LOAD FASTER
This tweaks can makes a huge difference to how fast your machine will ‘feel’. What this tweak
does is remove the slight delay between clicking on a menu and XP displaying the menu.
1. Go to Start then Run
2. Type ‘Regedit’ then click ‘Ok’
3. Find “HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop\”
4. Select “MenuShowDelay”
5. Right click and select “Modify’
6. Reduce the number to around “100″
7. This is the delay time before a menu is opened. You can set it to “0″ but it can make windows really
hard to use as menus will open if you just look at them - well move your mouse over them anyway.
I tend to go for anywhere between 50-150 it's just depending on your mood.
G. IMPROVE SWAPFILE PERFORMANCE
If you have more than 256MB of RAM this tweak will considerably improve your performance.
It basically makes sure that your PC uses every last drop of memory (faster than swap file) before it
starts using the swap file.
1. Go to Start then Run
2. Type “msconfig.exe” then ok
3. Click on the System.ini tab
4. Expand the 386enh tab by clicking on the plus sign
5. Click on new then in the blank box type ”ConservativeSwapfileUsage=1″
6. Click OK
7. Restart your Computer
H. ENSURE XP IS USING DMA MODE
XP enables DMA for Hard-Drives and CD-Roms by default on most ATA or ATAPI (IDE) devices.
However, sometimes computers switch to PIO mode which is slower for data transfer - a typical
reason is because of a virus. To ensure that your machine is using DMA:
1. Open ‘Device Manager’
2. Double-click ‘IDE ATA/ATAPI Controllers’
3. Right-click ‘Primary Channel’ and select ‘Properties’ and then ‘Advanced Settings’
4. In the ‘Current Transfer Mode’ drop-down box, select ‘DMA if Available’ if the current setting is ‘PIO Only’
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